Unlocking Telecom's Potential with Data

Category: FRAUD

What Fraud KPIs Should Telecom Operators Monitor?

by Saloua ChlailyPosted on

Fraud prevention is not just a technical issue—it’s a business priority. Telecom operators lose billions of dollars every year to fraudulent activities like Simbox bypass, CLI spoofing, Wangiri scams, and SMS fraud. To mitigate these risks, operators must go beyond basic monitoring and embrace a proactive approach powered by real-time Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). These Fraud KPIs serve as early warning signs, helping teams detect anomalies, understand fraud patterns, and respond quickly.

We’ll explore the essential KPIs every telecom operator should track to combat fraud effectively—and how Synaptique’s S-ONE FRAUD solution delivers these insights with precision.

1. Abnormal Traffic Volume per Route or Destination

Why it matters: Sudden spikes or drops in traffic—especially on international routes—often signal fraudulent behavior such as SIM box fraud or A2P bypass. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: Real-time dashboards flag unusual traffic volume changes, enabling fast detection and investigation.

2. Short-Duration Calls (e.g., less than 3 seconds)

Why it matters: High volumes of short-duration calls are classic indicators of Wangiri fraud or SIM box testing activity. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: The system monitors call durations continuously and alerts teams to irregular surges, filtered by country or destination prefix.

3. Invalid or Repeated CLI Usage

Why it matters: Repetition or spoofing of caller line identity (CLI) often signals CLI manipulation, a tactic used to hide call origins or bypass billing. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: By validating CLI consistency and detecting repeated patterns, the platform can flag spoofed or suspicious traffic in real time.

4. Success Rate by Call Type

Why it matters: A drop in call completion rates for certain routes or operators may indicate intentional call drops or filtering by SIM boxes. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: Monitors and compares success rates across destinations, helping isolate underperforming routes or fraud-affected destinations.

5. Traffic Pattern Anomalies

Why it matters: Unusual usage profiles—such as calls made in fixed time intervals or with identical durations—can be evidence of fraud. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: Uses machine learning to detect repeated patterns that defy normal user behavior.

6. Ratio of On-Net vs. Off-Net Calls

Why it matters: An imbalanced ratio can suggest SIM boxes using only on-net traffic to avoid detection. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: Tracks voice and SMS traffic across networks and compares behavior to operator benchmarks.

7. SIM Card Behavior Monitoring

Why it matters: Fraudulent SIM cards often switch IMEIs, never receive calls, or only send international traffic. S-ONE FRAUD advantage: Identifies silent SIMs, high churn rates, and other red flags from SIM behavior analytics.

8. Revenue Loss Estimation

Why it matters: Understanding how much revenue is at risk helps prioritize actions and report impact.  

advantage: Estimates loss by correlating suspicious traffic with interconnect rates and normal trends.

S-ONE FRAUD: A Smarter Way to Monitor Fraud KPIs

S-ONE FRAUD by Synaptique is built to empower fraud management teams with rich, actionable insights. Whether you’re a regulator or operator, the solution allows you to:

  • Customize fraud dashboards by fraud type and severity
  • Monitor KPIs in real time or on a scheduled basis
  • Receive automated alerts for any deviation from fraud baselines
  • Visualize trends through maps, graphs, and detailed reports

Discover the solution S-ONE FRAUD and  Book a call with our team to see the solution in action.

Final Thoughts

Fraud in telecom is evolving rapidly—but so are the tools to fight it. Monitoring the right KPIs is key to identifying fraud early and reducing financial losses. Synaptique’s S-ONE FRAUD solution not only helps you stay ahead of fraudsters but also provides the intelligence to make data-driven decisions.

Test Call Generation (TCG) in Fraud Management: A Detailed Overview

by Salwa LAARIFPosted on

Test Call Generation (TCG) in Fraud Management: A Detailed Overview

Introduction

In the telecommunications sector, Test Call Generation (TCG) is a proactive mechanism for detecting, preventing, and managing fraud. With telecom operators facing various types of fraud—ranging from SIM box fraud to CLI fraud—TCG provides a way to regularly monitor and assess network integrity through automated, controlled test calls or messages. This blog post explores the role of TCG in fraud management, its functionality, and why it’s indispensable for telecom operators.

What is Test Call Generation (TCG)?

TCG is a method telecom operators use to generate and route test calls across their networks. These test calls simulate regular user activities, such as making phone calls or sending messages, to monitor performance, identify vulnerabilities, detect anomalies, and ensure system integrity. Unlike actual user calls, TCG-generated calls follow specific patterns and scenarios, allowing operators to assess multiple aspects of the network efficiently.

TCG plays a crucial role in detecting Subscription Fraud, Wangiri Fraud, IRSF (International Revenue Share Fraud), and other types of telecom fraud. Specifically, this testing technology is widely used to:

  • Detect fraud and bypass activities such as SIM box fraud.
  • Evaluate quality of service (QoS) for voice, SMS, and data.
  • Ensure regulatory compliance for interconnect billing and other legal frameworks.

Why is TCG Important in Fraud Management?

Telecom fraud is a multi-billion-dollar problem impacting operators worldwide. Fraudsters continuously evolve their tactics, making it essential for operators to stay ahead. Here’s why TCG is a vital component of fraud management:

1. Fraud Detection

TCG is instrumental in identifying SIM box fraud, where fraudsters bypass international call rates using local SIM cards to route international calls. By generating test calls from specific locations, operators can identify suspicious activities before they escalate into major revenue losses.

2. Network Performance Monitoring

Beyond fraud detection, TCG serves as a robust tool for monitoring network performance. Operators can track call quality metrics, latency, and other performance indicators to ensure optimal network functionality.

3. Billing Verification

TCG helps verify the accuracy of call detail records (CDRs) by comparing generated test calls with billing system records. This ensures that users and interconnection partners are billed correctly.

4. International Call Verification

Test calls are often sent internationally to confirm correct call termination and detect fraud techniques like “grey routes,” which illegitimately terminate calls, leading to revenue loss.

5. Cost Savings

By detecting and preventing fraud early, TCG helps operators avoid substantial financial losses associated with fraudulent activities.

6. Regulatory Compliance

In many countries, telecom operators must meet specific service quality and billing accuracy standards. TCG ensures compliance, reducing the risk of penalties from regulators.

Types of Telecom Fraud Detected Using TCG

SIM Box Fraud

Fraudsters set up multiple SIM cards in a “SIM box” to terminate international calls as local ones, avoiding higher termination fees. TCG detects irregular call patterns, indicating SIM box activity.

CLI Manipulation

Fraudsters may manipulate Caller Line Identification (CLI) to conceal the origin of a call, often leading to fraud. TCG can detect such cases by tracing test calls and comparing them with CLI data.

Subscription Fraud

Fraudsters obtain services using fake or stolen identities. TCG helps identify unusual usage patterns associated with these accounts.

Premium Rate Service (PRS) Fraud

By generating test calls to premium-rate numbers, TCG can detect fraudsters initiating premium-rate calls to generate revenue illegally.

PBX Hacking

Fraudsters hack into PBX systems to make unauthorized calls. TCG can simulate PBX call patterns to detect vulnerabilities.

Revenue Leakage

Incorrect routing or call termination can lead to revenue leakage. TCG ensures accurate routing and revenue capture by simulating various call scenarios.

How TCG Works

1. Test Script Creation

TCG platforms enable users to define parameters for test calls, such as duration, destination, time intervals, and type (voice, SMS, or data). Example scenarios include:

  • Simulating international calls to high-risk destinations.
  • Testing premium rate numbers.
  • Generating calls during off-peak hours to detect unusual activity.

2. Test Call Generation

Once the script is created, the TCG system initiates test calls or SMS messages according to predefined rules. These calls are routed through the network like regular calls and distributed across various points and countries, depending on the scenario.

3. Data Collection

The TCG system records key data, including call quality (e.g., jitter, packet loss), call success rate, and latency. For fraud detection, the system looks for anomalies, such as unusual routing patterns or discrepancies in expected call termination points.

4. Analysis and Reporting

The TCG platform monitors results and provides detailed reports. Key metrics such as call duration, routing paths, and billing records are analyzed for discrepancies. If irregularities or fraud are detected, alerts are triggered for further investigation.

5. Automated Response

Advanced TCG systems integrate with fraud management platforms, enabling automatic preventive actions such as:

  • Blocking suspected fraudsters.
  • Rerouting traffic.
  • Updating fraud rules.
  • Enhancing security measures to prevent revenue loss.

Benefits of Using TCG in Fraud Management

  • Proactive Fraud Detection: Regular test calls allow operators to detect fraud in real time, preventing large-scale revenue losses.
  • Cost Efficiency: Reduces costs associated with manual fraud detection, making TCG a cost-effective solution.
  • Enhanced QoS Monitoring: Enables operators to continuously assess service quality across locations and service types.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Ensures adherence to international telecom regulations, minimizing the risk of penalties.
  • Customization and Scalability: Operators can tailor TCG solutions to specific fraud types and scale as needed.

Challenges and Limitations of TCG

  • False Positives: TCG may generate false positives, requiring manual intervention to validate results.
  • Complex Setup: Establishing a comprehensive TCG system requires deep knowledge of networks and fraud patterns.

Best Practices for Implementing TCG

  • Conduct TCG regularly to stay ahead of evolving fraud tactics.
  • Use diverse test scenarios to cover all potential fraud vectors.
  • Implement real-time monitoring tools to detect and respond to anomalies.
  • Collaborate with industry partners to share fraud prevention insights.
  • Leverage AI-driven analytics for enhanced fraud detection.

Conclusion: The Role of TCG in Modern Telecom Fraud Management

Test Call Generation (TCG) is a crucial tool for combating telecom fraud. By simulating call scenarios and monitoring network behavior, TCG enables operators to detect and prevent fraudulent activities before they cause significant damage. As fraudsters continue to evolve, investing in robust TCG solutions is essential for telecom operators looking to protect their revenue, maintain customer trust, and ensure network integrity.

If you’re a telecom operator seeking to enhance your fraud management capabilities, consider integrating TCG into your strategy. Stay vigilant, stay secure, and keep your network fraud-free!

The Impact of Increased eSIM Use on SIMBox Fraud: Opportunities and Threats

by Salwa LAARIFPosted on

The Impact of Increased eSIM Use on SIMBox Fraud: Opportunities and Threats

In recent years, the telecom industry has witnessed  a significant transformation with the widespread adoption of eSIM (embedded SIM) technology. eSIMs, which are embedded directly into devices and can be programmed remotely, offer unparalleled convenience and flexibility for consumers and businesses alike. However, as with any technological advancement, the rise of eSIMs also presents new challenges, particularly in the realm of fraud management. One area of concern is the impact of eSIMs on SIMBox fraud, a persistent issue in the telecom industry.

This blog explores the opportunities and threats posed by the increased use of eSIMs in relation to SIMBox fraud, and how telecom operators can adapt to this evolving landscape.

Understanding eSIM Technology

eSIM (embedded SIM) technology allows users to switch carriers and activate new plans without physically changing SIM cards. This convenience is a major selling point, driving its adoption among consumers and operators alike. 

Key benefits of eSIMs include:

  • Convenience: No need for physical SIM cards or visits to stores.
  • Flexibility: Users can switch carriers or plans seamlessly.
  • Space Efficiency: eSIMs free up space in devices for other components.

The adoption of eSIMs is growing rapidly, driven by the proliferation of IoT devices, smartphones, and wearables. However, this shift also can be exploited by fraudsters particularly SIMBox fraud creating new vulnerabilities.

Opportunities: How eSIMs Can Help Combat Simbox Fraud

While eSIMs introduce new challenges, they also offer opportunities to combat Simbox fraud more effectively:

  • Enhanced Security Through Device Integration

One of the primary advantages of eSIM technology in combating SIMBox fraud is its integration with device hardware and reliance on secure protocols. This integration makes it more difficult for fraudsters to manipulate or duplicate these embedded identities. Unlike traditional SIM cards, which can be easily swapped and cloned, eSIMs are embedded directly into the device, reducing the risk of physical tampering and cloning.

  • Remote Management

Operators can remotely deactivate or reprogram eSIMs if fraudulent activity is detected. This capability allows for quicker responses to potential fraud incidents.

  • Reduced Physical SIM Card Availability

The physical availability of SIM cards will diminish as eSIM adoption increases. This reduction adds cost and complexity for SIMBox operators’ businesses. Fraudsters who rely on bulk purchasing and manipulating physical SIM cards will find it more challenging to continue their operations, thereby decreasing the prevalence of traditional SIMBox fraud.

  • Streamlined Authentication Processes

eSIM technology enhances the overall security of telecommunications networks through streamlined authentication processes. The secure provisioning and activation protocols associated with eSIMs make it harder for fraudsters to activate fraudulent lines. This increased security reduces the avenues for traditional SIMBox fraud to occur.

  • Improved Network Monitoring and Control

Telecom operators can leverage eSIM technology to improve network monitoring and control. The digital nature of eSIMs allows for better tracking and management of SIM card activations and usage. Operators can implement advanced monitoring systems to detect unusual patterns and behaviors associated with SIMBox fraud more effectively.

Threats: How eSIMs Could Exacerbate Simbox Fraud

  •  Increased Vulnerability to BOT-Based Attacks

Operators who give away eSIMs for free to attract new subscribers can become easy targets for BOT-based attacks. Fraudsters can exploit potential weaknesses in eSIM implementations, using automated systems to activate numerous fraudulent eSIMs and conduct SIMBox fraud.

  • Exploitation of IoT Devices

The growing use of eSIMs in IoT devices presents a new avenue for fraud. Fraudsters could exploit vulnerable IoT devices to route calls through SIMBoxes, further complicating detection efforts.

  • Rapid Evolution of Simbox Gateways

It is only a matter of time before SIMBox gateway manufacturers catch up and implement eSIM-capable chipsets. When this happens, the increased availability of eSIMs will likely create new attack surfaces, leading to novel forms of fraud. The ease with which eSIMs can be provisioned and activated makes them an attractive target for fraudsters.

  • Challenges in Detection and Prevention

Traditional methods of detecting and preventing SIMBox fraud may not be as effective with eSIMs. The virtual nature of eSIMs as it could be reprogrammed to switch between carriers makes it harder to track and monitor usage patterns, fraudsters could exploit this flexibility to evade detection, requiring more sophisticated AI and ML-based solutions to identify fraudulent activities.

  • Regulatory and Compliance Challenges:

The regulatory framework for eSIMs is still evolving. This lack of clarity could create loopholes that fraudsters might exploit.

Strategies to Combat eSIM-Based Simbox Fraud

To address the dual impact of eSIMs on SIMBox fraud, telecom operators must adopt a proactive and multi-layered approach:

  • Enhanced Predictive Call Pattern Analysis

Using AI to predict and analyze call patterns can help operators identify potential SIMBox activities before they occur. By examining call duration, frequency, and anomalies, AI can forecast suspicious behavior, allowing operators to take proactive measures.

  •  Implement Robust Authentication Mechanisms:

Use strong authentication protocols to ensure that eSIMs are only activated and used by authorized parties.

  • Advanced Behavioral Analytics

Machine learning can help understand normal and abnormal behaviors within a network. AI systems can continuously learn from vast datasets to differentiate between legitimate and fraudulent activities, improving the accuracy of fraud detection.

  •  Automated Fraud Detection Systems

Implementing AI-driven automated processes to monitor eSIM usage patterns in real-time can enhance the detection of fraud incidents. Machine learning models can continuously analyze data, identifying SIMBox fraud patterns in real-time and alerting operators to take immediate action.

  • Real-time Traffic Monitoring

Employing AI for real-time monitoring of call traffic is crucial. AI systems can instantly flag suspicious activities, allowing operators to respond swiftly and mitigate potential fraud.

  • Proactive Risk Management

Using historical data and machine learning, operators can develop proactive risk management strategies. AI models can predict and react to future Simbox fraud attempts, ensuring the network remains secure.

  • Enhance Collaboration:

Work closely with other operators, regulators, and industry bodies to share intelligence and best practices for combating eSIM-related fraud.

  • Educate Customers:

Raise awareness among customers about the risks of eSIM fraud and encourage them to report suspicious activities.

Introducing S-ONE FRAUD: Your ML-Powered Simbox Fraud Monitoring Solution

S-One FRAUD, a data solution designed to monitor, detect, and block Simbox fraud in real-time. Leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms, S-ONE FRAUD provides telecom operators with a comprehensive tool to safeguard their networks and revenue.

Key Features of S-One FRAUD Synaptique:

  • Real-Time Monitoring: Continuously analyzes call traffic to identify and flag suspicious patterns.
  • Voice Traffic Analysis: Detects SIMBox fraud through advanced voice fingerprinting and quality metrics.
  • Geolocation Insights: Tracks call origins and routes to pinpoint fraudulent activities.
  • Predictive Capabilities: Uses historical data to predict and prevent future fraud attempts.
  • Automated Response: Instantly blocks fraudulent traffic and generates actionable reports.

With S-One FRAUD Synaptique, telecom operators can stay ahead of fraudsters, reduce revenue leakage, and ensure a secure network for their customers.

Download the Brochure to Learn More:

Ready to take the next step in combating SIMBox fraud? Download our brochure to explore how S-One FRAUD Synaptique can transform your fraud prevention strategy.

Conclusion

The increased use of eSIM technology presents both opportunities and challenges for telecom operators. While eSIMs offer enhanced tracking, reduced physical SIM card availability, streamlined authentication processes, and integration with advanced analytics, they also introduce new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by fraudsters. As Voice Bypass Fraud continues to rise, reaching an estimated $5 billion USD per year, it is imperative for operators to adopt advanced AI and ML-based solutions to combat Simbox fraud effectively.

By leveraging predictive call pattern analysis, advanced behavioral analytics, automated fraud detection systems, real-time traffic monitoring, and proactive risk management, telecom operators can safeguard their networks and reduce the impact of Simbox fraud. The future of telecom fraud prevention lies in the intelligent application of AI and machine learning technologies.

As eSIM adoption continues to grow, the industry must remain vigilant and adaptable to ensure that this transformative technology is used for good—not for fraud.